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Roman Numeral Analysis

Roman numeral analysis describes chords by their position in the key, not their letter name. This lets you understand and transpose chord progressions in any key.

Uppercase = Major, lowercase = minor, ° = diminished

Key:

Diatonic Chords in C Major

Tap a chord above to see it on the piano

Chord Functions

Tonic (I, iii, vi)

Home — feels resolved and stable

Pre-Dominant (ii, IV)

Builds momentum toward the dominant

Dominant (V, vii°)

Tension — wants to resolve back to I

Common Progressions

Pop Progression

The most common progression in pop music

IC
VG
viA
IVF

"Let It Be", "No Woman No Cry"

Classic

Foundation of Western harmony

IC
IVF
VG
IC

Blues, folk, country

50s Progression

Classic doo-wop feel

IC
viA
IVF
VG

"Stand By Me", "Earth Angel"

Andalusian Cadence

Descending minor progression

iC
VIIB
VIA
VG

Flamenco, "Hit The Road Jack"

Jazz ii-V-I

The most important jazz cadence

iiD
VG
IC

Almost every jazz standard

Canon

Pachelbel's Canon progression

IC
VG
viA
iiiE
IVF
IC
IVF
VG

"Canon in D", many modern songs

Next Module: Tensions